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Choi Hong Hi
Choi Hong Hi (9 November 1918 – 15 June 2002), also known as General Choi, was a South Korean army general and martial artist who is a controversial figure in the history of the Korean martial art of taekwondo. Choi is regarded by many as the 'Founder of Taekwondo'—most often by International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) organizations.〔(International Taekwon-Do Federation ) (Headquarters Korea which is officially recognised by Korean Government on 24 June 2009).〕〔(International Taekwon-Do Federation ) (under Choi Jung Hwa, based in the United Kingdom). Retrieved on 15 January 2008; updated version retrieved on 9 October 2010.〕〔〔(International Taekwon-Do Federation ) (formerly under Trân Triêu Quân; now under acting President Pablo Trajtenberg, based in Italy). Retrieved on 15 January 2008; updated version retrieved on 9 October 2010.〕〔(International Taekwon-Do Federation ) (under Chang Ung, based in Austria). Retrieved on 28 January 2008; updated version retrieved on 9 October 2010.〕〔(General Choi (ITFNZ) ) Retrieved on 15 January 2008.〕 Others, such as World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) organizations, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a dishonorable figure in taekwondo history, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history〔(Present Day Taekwondo (WTF) ) Retrieved on 29 January 2008.〕 or through explicit statements.〔Son, D. S. (1959): (Letter in ''Seoul Shinmoon'' newspaper (16 June 1959) ) Retrieved on 20 September 2007.〕
== Early life ==
Choi was born on 9 November 1918 in Hwa Dae, Myŏngch'ŏn county, in what is now North Korea, which was then under Japanese rule.〔Park, S. H. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi: ''Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence'', 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 241–274). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.〕 At the time, the place was named Meigawa-gun (Myongchon-kun), Kankyo-hokudo (Hamgyong-Pukto), Chosen, as part of the Empire of Japan. Choi's father sent him to study calligraphy under Han Il Dong, who was also "a master of Taek Kyon, the ancient Korean art of foot fighting" (Park, 1993, p. 241).〔 Choi travelled to Japan, where he studied English, mathematics, and karate.〔〔Goldman, A. L. (2002): (Choi Hong Hi, 83, Korean general who created Tae Kwon Do ), ''The New York Times'' (29 June 2002). Retrieved on 26 December 2007.〕 In Kyoto, he met a fellow Korean with the surname Kim, who was a karate instructor and taught Choi this martial art.〔 Choi also learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin. Just before he had left Korea, Choi apparently had a disagreement with a wrestler named Hu, and the possibility of a future confrontation inspired him to train; in his own words, "I would imagine that these were the techniques I would use to defend myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu, if he did attempt to carry out his promise to tear me limb from limb when I eventually returned to Korea" (Park, 1993, p. 242).〔 Choi attained the rank of 1st ''dan'' in karate in 1939, and then 2nd ''dan'' soon after.〔
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